THE CIVIL WAR
President Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address.
a.) According to Lincoln, what does the Constitution of the United States and the laws of the government say about the Union?
- Union will last forever.
- Union is legally impossible to destroy.
- No state has the auhoriy to leave the Union
b.) What does Lincoln say is the main dispute between the states?
- State v. Federal
c.) At the beginning of the speech, Lincoln addresses the institution of slavery: “I declare that "I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so."
§ Why can’t President Lincoln interfere with slavery in the United States? – Previous Notes/Discussions. Your response needs to be specific on why President Lincoln can not interfere with slavery.
- 10th Amendment
- Reserved Powers
- Popular Sovereignty
d.) After reading the excerpts from President Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address, who is the intended audience? In other words, to whom is Lincoln addressing in his speech?
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a.) According to Lincoln, what does the Constitution of the United States and the laws of the government say about the Union?
- Union will last forever.
- Union is legally impossible to destroy.
- No state has the auhoriy to leave the Union
b.) What does Lincoln say is the main dispute between the states?
- State v. Federal
c.) At the beginning of the speech, Lincoln addresses the institution of slavery: “I declare that "I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so."
§ Why can’t President Lincoln interfere with slavery in the United States? – Previous Notes/Discussions. Your response needs to be specific on why President Lincoln can not interfere with slavery.
- 10th Amendment
- Reserved Powers
- Popular Sovereignty
d.) After reading the excerpts from President Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address, who is the intended audience? In other words, to whom is Lincoln addressing in his speech?
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FORT SUMTER
a.) Cause: Confederate soldiers from South Carolina attacked and captured Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor. Civil War officially started. Effect: ?? (Your focus should be on the North/Free States)
- The Union is building their army.
- President Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteer soldiers.
b.) Why do think South Carolina was the first state to secede and the first state to attack the Union/Free States? – I would like two examples of topics we have discussed in class to prove your point.
- Slavery
- Compromise of 1850
- Presidental Election 1860
- Cotton $$$$$$$$$$
- Nullification Crisis - John C Calhoun resigned the VP
- Lost Representation in the House/Sente
- The Union is building their army.
- President Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteer soldiers.
b.) Why do think South Carolina was the first state to secede and the first state to attack the Union/Free States? – I would like two examples of topics we have discussed in class to prove your point.
- Slavery
- Compromise of 1850
- Presidental Election 1860
- Cotton $$$$$$$$$$
- Nullification Crisis - John C Calhoun resigned the VP
- Lost Representation in the House/Sente
Confederate States of America
a.) By February 1, 1861,
seven Southern states seceded from the Union.
Explain three actions taken
by those southern states after they seceded. – Your focus should be on government.
b.) The Confederate capitol moved in May 1861,
name the city and state.
c.) Who was the President of the Confederacy? List three previous government positions/experience he held prior to becoming President of the Confederacy.
- Jefferson Davis
d.) List the four states from the Upper South that seceded in April and May.
- Virgina
- Arkansas
- Tensase
c.) Who was the President of the Confederacy? List three previous government positions/experience he held prior to becoming President of the Confederacy.
- Jefferson Davis
d.) List the four states from the Upper South that seceded in April and May.
- Virgina
- Arkansas
- Tensase
Border States
a.) Define Border State + What did they have
in common?
- Boder states fought for both the Union and Confederate armies.
- Boder states were Union salve states that bodered the Confederacy.
- Boder states were the only slave states that did not secced.
b.) List the four Border States.
- Missouri
- Kentuky
c.) Explain why the location of the Border States was significant for the Civil War? – Think about military strategy between the Union and Confederate armies.
- Union capital would be completely surrounded by the confederacy.
- Control of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers: Importal for moving troops and transporties supples.
d.) Explain why the loyalty of the Border States was significant for the Civil War? – Think about how some families would struggle with slavery, preserving the Union, and/or their state not seceding from the Union.
- Four states contained sizable groups of people who either openly or privately supported the Confedcracy.
- The situation made the loyalty of the border states doubiful.
- Boder states fought for both the Union and Confederate armies.
- Boder states were Union salve states that bodered the Confederacy.
- Boder states were the only slave states that did not secced.
b.) List the four Border States.
- Missouri
- Kentuky
c.) Explain why the location of the Border States was significant for the Civil War? – Think about military strategy between the Union and Confederate armies.
- Union capital would be completely surrounded by the confederacy.
- Control of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers: Importal for moving troops and transporties supples.
d.) Explain why the loyalty of the Border States was significant for the Civil War? – Think about how some families would struggle with slavery, preserving the Union, and/or their state not seceding from the Union.
- Four states contained sizable groups of people who either openly or privately supported the Confedcracy.
- The situation made the loyalty of the border states doubiful.
A New National Identity (1812 – 1840)
a.
Explain why the Northern states supported high tariffs (define
tariff)?
- Britsh companies could drive smaller American frms out of business by selling factory goods more cleaply than Amercian could afford to make them.
b. Explain why the Southern states did not support high tariffs?
- The Solution conomy relied on agricculture , paticularly corton exports.
- Southern thus wanted low traffis.
c. How did Congress settle this issue?
- In 1828, Congress passed a traiff with high rates.
d. Describe the South’s reaction – include vocabulary?
- Tariff of Abomination
- Southern states saw the traiffs as one way the federal government was abousing its power over the states.
- Britsh companies could drive smaller American frms out of business by selling factory goods more cleaply than Amercian could afford to make them.
b. Explain why the Southern states did not support high tariffs?
- The Solution conomy relied on agricculture , paticularly corton exports.
- Southern thus wanted low traffis.
c. How did Congress settle this issue?
- In 1828, Congress passed a traiff with high rates.
d. Describe the South’s reaction – include vocabulary?
- Tariff of Abomination
- Southern states saw the traiffs as one way the federal government was abousing its power over the states.
a. Explain Vice President John C. Calhoun’s reaction to the new tariff – explain his position?
- He supported state's right, or the belief that the federal of government
- Loose V. Strict - Loose contruction/Interpretation: Elastic Clause
Strict Construction /Interpretation
b. Define nullification crisis
- Nullification crisis: A dispute between South Carolina and the federal government in the late 1820s over the state's rights to nullify, or cancel, an unpopular tariff.
c. South Carolina’s response?
- The traffi Laws of 1828 and 1832 favored Northem- Manufacturing interests at the Expense of Southern famse.
d. What did South Carolina threaten to do in the immediate future?
- If the federal government used force to collect the taxes, then South Carolina would withdraw from the Union - Secede
e. President Jackson’s response?
- President Jakeson threatened to send troops to south.
f. Explain compromise between the two?
- South carolina agreed to enforce the tariffs, and congress agreed.
- He supported state's right, or the belief that the federal of government
- Loose V. Strict - Loose contruction/Interpretation: Elastic Clause
Strict Construction /Interpretation
b. Define nullification crisis
- Nullification crisis: A dispute between South Carolina and the federal government in the late 1820s over the state's rights to nullify, or cancel, an unpopular tariff.
c. South Carolina’s response?
- The traffi Laws of 1828 and 1832 favored Northem- Manufacturing interests at the Expense of Southern famse.
d. What did South Carolina threaten to do in the immediate future?
- If the federal government used force to collect the taxes, then South Carolina would withdraw from the Union - Secede
e. President Jackson’s response?
- President Jakeson threatened to send troops to south.
f. Explain compromise between the two?
- South carolina agreed to enforce the tariffs, and congress agreed.
- Henry Clay - Comproraiser
g. Important concept! What is the constitutional significance of the nullification crisis (state vs. federal)?
g. Important concept! What is the constitutional significance of the nullification crisis (state vs. federal)?
Wht is the consitiutional singficance of the Nulification?
- The issue of state's rights will be a leading cause to the start of the American Civil war.
- It demonstrated the nation's growing problem over the issue of states rights.
- The actions taken by south carolina supported the idea that state government could challenge the federal government.
Elastic Clause - Necessary & Proper clause
Article 1 - The Legislative Branch: Section 8 reads
Federalists argued the Elastic Clause was meant to give the Federal government the power to react to new situation
The federal government can take my reasonable actions that the Constitution does not speecifieally forbid it form taking
" To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carring into Excution the foregiong Powers."
Federalists argued the Elastic Clause was meant to give the Federal government the power to react to new situation
The federal government can take my reasonable actions that the Constitution does not speecifieally forbid it form taking
" To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carring into Excution the foregiong Powers."
Agricultural Changes in the South (1790-1860)
Effects from the Cotton Gin
1.) Quest for more land = Manifest Destiny
2.) Shifi in population: south and west
3.) Production of cotton rise while the price decreases
4.) Increase use of slave labor
5.) Rist in textile and manufacturing mills in Northern states
6.) Increase foreign trade-Europe
a.) Explain three reasons slavery declined in the Upper South at the end of the 1700s?
1.) Prices for each crops declind after the American Revolution indigo, rice, and tobacco
2.) With prices falling landowners cut production or began switching to crops that needed less labor
3.) The fall in crop prices reduced the demand for slaves in the upper south
4.) Some slave holders freed their slaves.
b.) Cause: Cotton farmers demanded a faster way to separate cotton fibers from seeds. Effect??
1.) In 1793 Eh Whitney built a machine to remove seeds from the short staple cotton.
2.) Revolution of cotton
c.) Cause: The growing textile industry needed more cotton. Effect??
1.) Quest for more land - Manifest Destiny
2.) Most of this cotton was grown in the Cotton Belt which included land sttertching from south Carolina to Texas.
3.) Cotton was easy to grow, cost ittle to market, could be stored for a long time, and cost less to transport than other crops.
d.) Define Cotton Belt and include the states
1.) Upper South
2.)
e.) Cause: Cotton planters demanded workers, but it was against the law to import slaves. Effect??
1.) The domestic slave trade increased as the demand for slave labor rose in the South
2.) slaveholders in the Upper, south
1.) Quest for more land = Manifest Destiny
2.) Shifi in population: south and west
3.) Production of cotton rise while the price decreases
4.) Increase use of slave labor
5.) Rist in textile and manufacturing mills in Northern states
6.) Increase foreign trade-Europe
a.) Explain three reasons slavery declined in the Upper South at the end of the 1700s?
1.) Prices for each crops declind after the American Revolution indigo, rice, and tobacco
2.) With prices falling landowners cut production or began switching to crops that needed less labor
3.) The fall in crop prices reduced the demand for slaves in the upper south
4.) Some slave holders freed their slaves.
b.) Cause: Cotton farmers demanded a faster way to separate cotton fibers from seeds. Effect??
1.) In 1793 Eh Whitney built a machine to remove seeds from the short staple cotton.
2.) Revolution of cotton
c.) Cause: The growing textile industry needed more cotton. Effect??
1.) Quest for more land - Manifest Destiny
2.) Most of this cotton was grown in the Cotton Belt which included land sttertching from south Carolina to Texas.
3.) Cotton was easy to grow, cost ittle to market, could be stored for a long time, and cost less to transport than other crops.
d.) Define Cotton Belt and include the states
1.) Upper South
2.)
e.) Cause: Cotton planters demanded workers, but it was against the law to import slaves. Effect??
1.) The domestic slave trade increased as the demand for slave labor rose in the South
2.) slaveholders in the Upper, south
New Movements in America (1815-1850)
a. How did some abolitionists goals differ?
Slavery was immoral non-christian - example the Quakers (william Penn-Phildlphia -City of Brotherly Love)
a. How did some abolitionists’ goals differ? Your explanation should include a definition for Emancipation and Abolition. Emancipation means is the fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberation. Some wanted full equality for African Americans, which others opposed.
Two purpose of the Treaty?
- Ended the Mexican war and gave the United States the Mexican Cession.
- The United States gave Mexico $15 million.
- The U.S. gained more than 500,000 square miles of new territory, increasing the size of the nation by almost 25%.
- Mexico recognized the Rio Grande as the southwestem boundary of Texas.
1.) William Lloyd Garrison – connection to ending slavery? – One sentence explanation is required.
An abolitionist newspaper supporting innediate emancipation and racial equality in the United States.
2.) Angelina and Sarah Grimke - connection to ending slavery? – One sentence explanation is required.
Suffrage movement. From a south carolina slaveholding family. The gave speaking tours and wrote books condemning slavery.
3.) Frederick Douglass – connection to ending slavery? – One sentence explanation is required.
4.) Harriet Tubman - connection to ending slavery? – One sentence explanation is required.
5.) Harriet Beecher Stowe (page 557) - connection to ending slavery? – One sentence explanation is required.
6.) Sojourner Truth - connection to ending slavery? – One sentence explanation is required.
7.) Lucy Stone - connection to ending slavery? – One sentence explanation is required.
8.) Susan B. Anthony/Elizabeth Cady Stanton - connection to ending slavery? – One sentence explanation is required.
Slavery was immoral non-christian - example the Quakers (william Penn-Phildlphia -City of Brotherly Love)
a. How did some abolitionists’ goals differ? Your explanation should include a definition for Emancipation and Abolition. Emancipation means is the fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberation. Some wanted full equality for African Americans, which others opposed.
Two purpose of the Treaty?
- Ended the Mexican war and gave the United States the Mexican Cession.
- The United States gave Mexico $15 million.
- The U.S. gained more than 500,000 square miles of new territory, increasing the size of the nation by almost 25%.
- Mexico recognized the Rio Grande as the southwestem boundary of Texas.
1.) William Lloyd Garrison – connection to ending slavery? – One sentence explanation is required.
An abolitionist newspaper supporting innediate emancipation and racial equality in the United States.
2.) Angelina and Sarah Grimke - connection to ending slavery? – One sentence explanation is required.
Suffrage movement. From a south carolina slaveholding family. The gave speaking tours and wrote books condemning slavery.
3.) Frederick Douglass – connection to ending slavery? – One sentence explanation is required.
4.) Harriet Tubman - connection to ending slavery? – One sentence explanation is required.
5.) Harriet Beecher Stowe (page 557) - connection to ending slavery? – One sentence explanation is required.
6.) Sojourner Truth - connection to ending slavery? – One sentence explanation is required.
7.) Lucy Stone - connection to ending slavery? – One sentence explanation is required.
8.) Susan B. Anthony/Elizabeth Cady Stanton - connection to ending slavery? – One sentence explanation is required.
a. Author of the Compromise of 1850? This main author was also responsible for the Missouri Compromise in 1820 and the prevention of the Nullification Crisis in South Carolina + President Andrew Jackson?
Henry Clay.
b. Explain two purposes of the compromise.
1.) Henry Clay offered a compromise to resolve the debate over slavery in the Mexican Cession
Henry Clay.
b. Explain two purposes of the compromise.
1.) Henry Clay offered a compromise to resolve the debate over slavery in the Mexican Cession
2.) The admination.
c. List the five provisions of the Compromise of 1850.
1.) Slave trade banned in the Districk of columbia but not slavery itself.
c. List the five provisions of the Compromise of 1850.
1.) Slave trade banned in the Districk of columbia but not slavery itself.
2.) Voters in New mexico and utah would exercise their popular sovereignty to settle the issue of slavery
3.) Ca;ofprmoa wpi;d ne ad,otted tp tje imopm as a free state
4.) Emact a stroct figotove slave law to help slaveholders capture runaway slaves
5.) Texas surrendered its daim to New Mexico
a.) Define
Mexican Cession in complete
sentences.
Hanry Clary
b.) Explain the three alternatives offered for dealing with the issue of slavery in the Mexican Cession. For each alternative, include the individual or group who supported the idea. Which idea will the U.S. use?
c.) Define sectionalism.
- The debate over slavery in the Mexican cesssion demonstrated the secionalism
Hanry Clary
b.) Explain the three alternatives offered for dealing with the issue of slavery in the Mexican Cession. For each alternative, include the individual or group who supported the idea. Which idea will the U.S. use?
c.) Define sectionalism.
- The debate over slavery in the Mexican cesssion demonstrated the secionalism
- A devotion to the interest of one geographic region rather.
d.) California was able to apply for statehood faster than any other territory because of this event?
- Gold Rush
d.) California was able to apply for statehood faster than any other territory because of this event?
- Gold Rush
e.) Explain
the conflict/sectional issue between northerners and southerners on the issue
of California applying for statehood.
- Most Californians wanted to enter the Union as a free state.
- Most Californians wanted to enter the Union as a free state.
- Upset the balance between slave and free states in the U
The Fugitive Slave Act
a.) Define and
explain the components of the Fugitive Slave Act?
The Fugitive Slave made it a federal crime to help runaway slaves. The act even let officials arrest ruunaways in areas where slavery was illegeal.
b.) Explain two reasons why northerners opposed the law.
1.) Peotests against the new law
2.) U.S. Commissioners
c.) How does the incident involving abolitionists trying to free Anthony Burns, a fugitive slave from Virginia, hurt their cause?
Yes, their cause hurt from Virginia
The Fugitive Slave made it a federal crime to help runaway slaves. The act even let officials arrest ruunaways in areas where slavery was illegeal.
b.) Explain two reasons why northerners opposed the law.
1.) Peotests against the new law
2.) U.S. Commissioners
c.) How does the incident involving abolitionists trying to free Anthony Burns, a fugitive slave from Virginia, hurt their cause?
Yes, their cause hurt from Virginia
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
a.) Author of the
Kansas-Nebraska Act? List the three
provisions of the act
Author of the Kansas Nebraska Act was Stephen Douglas.
1.) supported building a railroad ro the pacific.
2.) Kansas and Nebraska territories will use popular sovereignty
3.) Louiaina Purchase had to be made into a federal territory.
b.) Douglas was a senator from Illinois. Why would he have any interest in the region west of Missouri and Iowa?
Douglas planes are remove to other country.
Author of the Kansas Nebraska Act was Stephen Douglas.
1.) supported building a railroad ro the pacific.
2.) Kansas and Nebraska territories will use popular sovereignty
3.) Louiaina Purchase had to be made into a federal territory.
b.) Douglas was a senator from Illinois. Why would he have any interest in the region west of Missouri and Iowa?
Douglas planes are remove to other country.
A railroad would create jobs and generate revenue (taxes)
c.) Because of the Missouri Compromise, the land in this territory would eventually enter the Union as a free state?
d.) Douglas needed southern support in Congress to pass this law. How did he accomplish this goal?
Kansas and Nebraska Territories will use popular sovereignty.
c.) Because of the Missouri Compromise, the land in this territory would eventually enter the Union as a free state?
d.) Douglas needed southern support in Congress to pass this law. How did he accomplish this goal?
Kansas and Nebraska Territories will use popular sovereignty.
Bleeding Kansas
a.) In 1855,
officials held an election for the 3, 000 voters in the Kansas territory. 6,300 ballots were counted. Explain
how the number changed and why?
- Becacuse they are start want to new territorys. So they are take a guns and shoot them all.
- Supporters of Slavers
b.) Explain what happened when the illegal votes were counted.
- 1856 Kansas
- Death Penatty for anyone giving help to runaway slave
- Authorizing slavery in Kansas
c.) What did free-soil Kansans do in response to the actions of the pro-slavery government?
- Settler had brought guns with them to the new territory
- Both sides claimed to rule the same territory, with eventually led to a bloody civil war.
- Armed Missourians into Lawreence and Attacked me town.
d.) Explain what happened on May 24, 1856.
- He led a group of seven men along Pottawatomie Creek in eastern Kansas.
- John Brown
- Becacuse they are start want to new territorys. So they are take a guns and shoot them all.
- Supporters of Slavers
b.) Explain what happened when the illegal votes were counted.
- 1856 Kansas
- Death Penatty for anyone giving help to runaway slave
- Authorizing slavery in Kansas
c.) What did free-soil Kansans do in response to the actions of the pro-slavery government?
- Settler had brought guns with them to the new territory
- Both sides claimed to rule the same territory, with eventually led to a bloody civil war.
- Armed Missourians into Lawreence and Attacked me town.
d.) Explain what happened on May 24, 1856.
- He led a group of seven men along Pottawatomie Creek in eastern Kansas.
- John Brown
Dred Scott
a. Petitioner:
Explain the position taken by the Petitioner in complete sentences.
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b. Ruling from the Supreme Court/Amendment Justified: (1.) Explain which side the Supreme Court favored. (2.) Explain in complete sentences why the Supreme Court sided with the Petitioner or the Respondent. (3.) List and explain which specific amendments were violated or justified according to the Supreme Court in complete sentences.
c. Future Impact on American History: You will need to explain how the Supreme Court’s decision affected the future of American History in regards to race, slavery, society, government, law, and/or American history in general.
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b. Ruling from the Supreme Court/Amendment Justified: (1.) Explain which side the Supreme Court favored. (2.) Explain in complete sentences why the Supreme Court sided with the Petitioner or the Respondent. (3.) List and explain which specific amendments were violated or justified according to the Supreme Court in complete sentences.
c. Future Impact on American History: You will need to explain how the Supreme Court’s decision affected the future of American History in regards to race, slavery, society, government, law, and/or American history in general.
4a.) 39%popular vote
4c.) Northern states or southern state
4d.) Questioned the faimess of a system
4e.) secession - to make aformal withdrawal of membership from an organization, state, or alliance
4f.) - State Suveritlity
- each state had the right to withdraw its allegiance to the constitution if its citizens voted to do so.
4g.) - Many northerns saw secession as a challenge to the basic principles of the constitution
- Supreme Law of the Land = Supermacy Clause
-Voluntarily recongnized the
Secession: Southern Point of View
The U.S. constitution did not address the issue of secession.